摘要：文化是将我们与世界联系起来的纽带，更是青年一代了解世界、开阔视野、丰富自己的有效方法与途径。中外文化更是人类的瑰宝，如何将这人类宝贵的文化遗产发扬光大，如何将文化的种子根植于青年一代的内心深处，其中英语课堂必然会起到举足轻重的作用。
关键词：文化知识  英语课堂
一、文化知识在英语新课程标准中的重要性
英语课程内容是发展学生英语学科核心素养的基础，包含六个要素：主题语境、语篇类型、语言知识、文化知识、语言技能和学习策略。修订后的人教版教材主要具有6个特点，其中之一就是突出文化意识，即教材通过展示多姿多彩中外文化来培养学生对中华文化的认同和传承，加深对人类优秀文化的学习和鉴赏。由此可见，文化知识在整个高中英语教学中的重要地位。
文化知识包含中外文化知识，是学生在语言学习活动中理解文化内涵，比较文化异同，汲取文化精华，坚定文化自信的基础。掌握充分的中外多元文化知识，认同优秀文化，有助于促进英语学科核心素养的形成与发展。学习中外优秀文化，有助于学生在对不同文化的比较、鉴赏、批判和反思的过程中，拓宽国际视野，理解和包容不同文化，增强对中华优秀传统文化认识，形成正确的价值观和道德情感，成为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。
在人与自我、人与社会和人与自然这三大主题语境中都包含中外文化的范畴。文化知识涵盖物质和精神两个方面。物质方面主要包括饮食、服饰、建筑、交通等，以及相关的发明与创造；精神方面主要包括哲学、科学、教育、历史、文学、艺术，也包括价值观念、道德修养、审美情趣、社会规约和风俗习惯等。文化知识在新人教版教材中的占比：
必修一 Unit2 Traveling around
       Unit5 Language around the World
必修二 Unit1 Cultural Heritage
       Unit4 History and Traditions
       Unit5 Music
必修三 Unit1 Festivals and Celebrations
       Unit2 Morals and Virtues
       Unit3 Diverse Cultures
选择性必修一 Unit3 Fascinating Parks
             Unit4 Body Language
选择性必修二 Unit2 Bridging Culture
             Unit3 Food and Culture
选择性必修三 Unit1 Art
             Unit5 Poems
选择性必修四 Unit1 Science Fiction
             Unit2 Iconic Attraction    
二、文化知识如何渗透高中英语课堂教学
基于文化知识在整个高中英语教学中的重要地位，教师该如何将文化知识渗透英语课堂教学呢？
文化知识的教学应以促进学生文化意识的形成和发展为目标。文化学习既要对所需知识的积累，还要深入理解其精神内涵，并将优秀的文化进一步内化为个人的意识和品行。因此，在以主题意义为引领的课堂上，教师要通过创设与主题意义密切相关的语境，充分挖掘特定主题所承载的文化信息和发展学生思维品质的关键点，通过中外文化的比较，培养学生的逻辑思维和批判性思维，引导学生构建多元文化视角。我认为可以从以下方面为切入点。 通过探索、体验，感知中外文化 教师结合教材各单元内容，利用信息技术通过视频短片、图片、杂志文章等形式，有意识地帮助学生了解中外文化背景知识，激发学生对中外文化的兴趣，以便引导学生进行更深入的学习与了解。例如，必修一U2 Traveling around ----Travel Peru，先让学生观看一段关于秘鲁旅游风光的视频，感受南美风情，激发学生们了解和探索秘鲁的欲望，并形成对阅读的期望，以获取更多关于秘鲁的文化知识。教师的活动设计主要聚焦对秘鲁的地理、历史、文化、景观等方面的学习与探究，以此达到知识的积累。A travel plan to Xian，教师通过展示西安的历史以及文化古迹的图片，激发出学生对中国传统文化知识的储备，然后基于对所学知识的积累，设计出合理的旅游路线。 通过分析、比较，认同优秀文化 基于语篇所承载的中外文化知识，教师引导学生挖掘其意义内涵，帮助学生在语言练习和运用的各种活动中学习和内化语言知识和文化知识。例如，必修一U2 Traveling around ----Travel Peru基于对秘鲁和西安文化知识深入理解，教师引导学生通过比较、分析和鉴赏，加深对文化异同的理解，提高对文化差异的敏感度和处理文化差异的灵活性，帮助学生坚定文化自信，增强国家意识。 通过欣赏与汲取，内化文化知识，形成文明素养 教师在教学中要树立语言与文化的相互促进、相互渗透的意识，通过引导学生欣赏中外文化，并汲取中外文化的精华，实现将文化知识内化为具有正确价值取向的认知、行为和品格。同时，教师还要关注中外文化的差异与融通，积极发展跨文化沟通策略和能力，增强国家认同，坚定文化自信，自觉传播和弘扬中国特色社会主义文化。
我们的英语教材始终坚持民族自信和文化自信，目标是培养学生成为具有中国情怀、国际视野、跨文化沟通能力，能够“传播中国声音，讲好中国故事”，能够担当民族复兴大任的时代接班人，所以我们更要利用好英语课本、英语课堂，将文化知识内化于心、外化于行。
以必修一 Unit2 Traveling Around为例，本单元既有秘鲁的Machu Picchu，也有中国西安的兵马俑；既有意大利的Pisa古城，也有中国丽江古城；既有去新西兰Auckland市的旅游行程，也有去中国杭州的旅游行程；既有德国的Neuschwanstein Castle，也有中国厦门的南普陀寺和鼓浪屿，以及四川的九寨沟等。下面是本单元Reading的教学设计，既让学生能够全方位了解秘鲁包括风俗习惯、迷人景色等，也能更加深入了解中国的大好河山。
Travel Peru 教学案例
Step1. Lead in (导入)
让学生观看一段关于秘鲁旅游风光的视频，让学生感受南美风情，激发学生探索秘鲁的兴趣，并形成对阅读的期待。
Step2. Find the differences in content and language between encyclopedia and brochure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
Encyclopedia : brief content (location, geography, history, language)
Brochure: tourist attractions and acclivities  
               Simple language, objective description; the third person
               vivid description; the second person; imperative
 
这一步的设计目的是让学生把握不同语篇的特定结构、文体特征和语言特点，有助于加深对语篇意义的理解，并进行有效的表达与交流。
Step3: Practice—write a short passage about China to be used in encyclopedia
Introduce China briefly (content: location, geography, history, language; language: objective description, the third person)
此环节的设计是基于上一步对百科全书里文章内容及语言的特点的理解，达到学以致用的目的。
Step4：Read for further information about the brochure Read the brochure and summarize the activities visitors can do during the trip Travel Peru             verbs           adjectives
Amazon Rainforest Tour:  explore the rainforest
                      enjoy the plants and animals unique to the rainforest
Machu Picchu Tour:      explore this ancient city
Cusco Tour:             enjoy the unique Spanish and local Indian culture
                      stay in a local hotel
                      visit the museum
                      admire the architecture
                      enjoy the excellent local food
                      go shopping at the local food
Lake Titicaca Tour:       enjoy the beautiful countryside
                      stay with a local Uros family
提取文章中用以表示活动的动词和修饰活动的形容词，即感受了秘鲁的迷人风光，同时又能学会描述活动的表达，为下一步文化知识的输出打下坚实的基础。
Practice:
Design activities for the following tour, using the phrases including verbs and adjectives to describe your tour.
提供三幅图片：
四川大熊猫                     四川美食--火锅                 四川美景
take photos with lovely pandas  enjoy the delicious local food   admire the amazing colorful lakes
visit cute pandas              taste the unique hot pot      enjoy the beautiful scenery Read the brochure again and extract the phrases about transport and duration time Travel Peru             transport          duration time  
Amazon Rainforest Tour:  A short flight from... takes you from ..... into ......
                      You’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest.
Machu Picchu Tour:     This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through .....on the way to .....
Lake Titicaca Tour:       You spend a day driving along the new highway      
                      A boat will take you to stay with ...... for three days.
提取文章中用以表示交通方式和持续时间，有利于学生充分发表自己的看法，让学生学会欣赏和批判，同时内化语言文化知识，这属于交际的批判思维活动，不仅能够帮助学生加深和拓展文本信息的理解，还能提高学生的思维品质和文化品格。。
Step5: Design a travel tour for a brochure
Design a travel tour for a brochure using what we learned above.
这是个开放性活动，每个学生制定的路线都可能不同，学生可以选择自己最喜爱的旅游路线。这部分设计旨在加深学生对文本的理解，促使学生积极思考，并提供给学生语言模仿和输出的机会。学生通过写作活动，探索、思考国内外有价值的旅游资源及文化内涵，在接纳世界人类瑰宝的同时，并将祖国的大好河山、文化风俗、各地美食介绍给更多的外国友人，将大美中国推向世界。
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